The EB cold-hearth furnace operates in high vacuum, where a high-voltage field accelerates cathode-emitted electrons to bombard and melt refractory metals—converting kinetic energy into heat. This pioneering furnace is the first globally to melt whole sponge titanium lumps directly, drastically reducing contamination by nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen, and iron across processes such as slicing, crushing, mixing, packaging, electrode pressing, and welding—streamlining workflow. #titanium manufacture